Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
An Irish Corpus Astronomiae, being Manus O'Donnell's seventeenth century version of the Lunario of Geronymo Cortès (Author: [unknown])

Chapter 5

THE FIFTH CHAPTER

WHICH SHOWS THE PROPERTIES OF THE TWELVE SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC

In the ninth sphere (which is called Chrystallinum) the astronomers postulate a circulum i.e., a round ring which they call zodiacum, of 360 degrees altogether, and of 12 degrees in width, and they divide this into 12 equal parts which are called the twelve signs of the Zodiac; and there are 30 degrees in each of these signs; and the names of those signs are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpius, Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius, and Piscis. These names were given to them because of the properties which they give to the creatures when the sun enters them. They are called another name, viz., the House of the Planets, because when a planet happens to be in its own sign (i.e., in its own house) it is more powerful and more vigorous than when it is in another siga; and the length of each sign is 273,870,047 leagues, and the breadth of each sign 22,818,258 leagues; and if it be desired to find out about the houses of the planets, we shall tell that briefly; for the sign which is called Leo is the house of the sun, Cancer the house of the moon, Capricornus and Aquarius the houses of Saturn, Pisces and Sagittarius the houses of Jupiter, Aries and Scorpio the houses of Mars, Libra and Taurus the houses of Venus, Gemini and Virgo the houses of Mercury. When the sun enters these signs it has a change of property according to the nature of each sign, as shall be shown in its own place; likewise there will be shown the property and the natural secret of these houses or these signs, and the things which they produce in sick or delicate people when the moon enters them.


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CONCERNING THE PROPERTY OF THE SIGN AQUARIUS WHICH THE SUN ENTERS ON THE 21st OF JANUARY

The form or figure which astronomers give to this sign is the form of a man pouring water out of a vessel; nevertheless it is not because it is so in reality (for it is not so at all) but because of the abundance of water which falls. The property of this sign is [to be] warm and moist, and it is the cause of immoderate heat and moisture. It is very harmful, for it works corruption on the air and consequently damage to the plants and growing things. The sun enters this sign on the 21st day of January usually, i.e., on the 11th day of the same month here in Ireland (be it noted that this book is entirely after the method of the Pope, nevertheless profit may be derived here by taking account of the difference of ten days of time between [the reckonings] until the year 1700, and from that onward there is the difference of 11 days between them). This sign is airy, masculine, diurnal; it is a diurnal house and exaltation for Saturn, and nocturnal detriment to the sun. This sign governs the provinces of Aragon, Bohemia, Saxony, Ethiopia, Dalmatia, Arabia, Sogdiana, Azania, Piamonte, and India; the cities Constantia, Jerusalem, Urbino, Pavia, and Monserrat; in Spain the cities Zamora, Medina, Valencia, and Seville. The man who is born under the dominion of this sign will be of medium stature, wellspoken, secretive, stouthearted in going ahead with any project he may set before him; it signifies that he will receive a blow from iron and be in danger by water; he will be given to travel in foreign lands, and he will succeed better there than in his own country; it signifies that if he returns he will be fortunate and wealthy; but let him beware of getting angry, for it would


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be injurious for him. In certo quodam anno erit in dubio vitae suae, because it signifies for him a grievous illness before the thirtieth year; and if he recovers from it, it signifies according to his nature and complexion 58 years of life. If it is a woman which shall be born under it, it signifies that she will be industrious and regardful of herself; she will be in danger of death and in addition once again by water. She will not spend her goods easily, and she will find her life better about the middle of her age; nevertheless, before the 38th year it signifies for her two illnesses; the first illness at the end of the 34th year, and the other illness at the end of the 35th year; and if she recovers from them it signifies for her naturally 82 years of life..

CONCERNING THE PROPERTY OF THE SIGN PISCIS WHICH THE SUN ENTERS ON THE 19TH OF FEBRUARY

The figure and form given to this sign is two fishes, so that (as it is the nature of the fish to be wet and in the water usually) similarly when the sun enters this sign the weather is wet and watery. This sign is feminine, nocturnal, watery and common to the winter and the spring. It is of a wet and watery nature, on which account it is the cause of cold and moisture immoderately, which does harm to the water of the rivers, the wells and the lakes, for it makes corruption in them. This sign is the house of the day and night for Jupiter, exaltation for Venus, fall and nocturnal detriment and sorrow to Mercury. This sign has government over the provinces of Persia, Hibernia, Normandia, Portugallia, Lydia, Sicilia, Pamphylia Garamantes, Mesamenes: over the cities Colonia Agrippina,


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Venecia, Ratisbona, and Alexandria; in Spain, over the cities Orense. Santiago and part of Seville. The man who is born under this sign is fond of foreign countries and travelling by water; he is of a great appetite, and on that account will be in danger of death unless his planet help him; he will be taciturn; it denotes a sickness for him at the end of his fifteenth year, and another sickness at the end of the thirtieth, and the third sickness at the end of his 38th year of life, and if he recovers from them it is natural for him to have 65 years of life. The woman who is born under it is religious, honest, bashful; but she will suffer from inflammation of the eyes and suffocatio matricis: it signifies that she will receive hurt from fire, and that she will be sick at the end of her 12th year, and once again at the end of her 20th and 21st years, and again at the end of her 30th; but it signifies 59 years of life.

CONCERNING THE PROPERTY OF THE SIGN ARIES WHICH THE SUN ENTERS ON THE 21ST DAY OF MARCH

The figure and form which is given to this sign is a ram. It is of the nature of fire, warm and dry; accordingly it causes heat and drought moderately. It is diurnal, mobile and masculine. It is the house of Mars, exaltation for Sol, fall for Saturn and detriment for Venus: the sun enters it on the 21st of March and then commences the first Equinox, in which the length of day and night are equal. It governs the provinces Anglia, Gallia, Alemania, and Polonia Minor; the cities Florencia, Napoles, Patavia, Favencia, Cracovia, Inmola, Pergamo; in Spain, Zaragoza, Tortosa and Valladolid.


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The man who is born under the government of this sign is intellectual, wise, of magnanimous mind; nevertheless he is talkative, irascible, but easily appeased: it is characteristic of him to be talking to himself, not too rich nor too poor, faithful to his friends; he will have enough to subsist on mortuorum causa; it signifies that there will be a special mark on his body and that he will get a beating from a fourfooted beast, and another blow from iron; but finally he will be unfortunate, hardworked; he will be sick at the end of his 22nd year, and, if he gets over that, then forsan ducet uxorem and he will get according to his nature 75 years of life.

The woman who is born under it will be irascible and very lively and vivacious in her actions, pleasing according to other people's opinions; nevertheless it signifies, if she marries, that she will be a widow, and that she will suffer from a dangerous disease of the head or knee from the seventh year of her age until the twelfth, but that she will get of natural life 49 years. This sign signifies both for man and woman that they will come to be very poor, nevertheless they will achieve independence through their own good industry.

CONCERNING THE PROPERTY OF THE SIGN TAURUS WHICH THE SUN ENTERS ON THE 20TH DAY OF APRIL

The figure or form given to this sign is a bull. Its property is earthy, cold and dry. It causes coldness and dryness, nevertheless moderately, whence it comes that sentient things are begotten and growing things grow when the sun enters it. This sign is nocturnal, feminine. It is the house of Venus and her joy, exaltation to Luna, and


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detriment and sorrow to Mars. It has dominion over the provinces Persia, Media, Suycia, Asia Minor, Hibernia, Egypt, Armenia, and Cyprus: over the cities Capua, Salerno, Bolonia, Sena, Verona, Aneona, Treveres, Parma, Mantua and Palermo; in Spain, over Gitona, Osca, Toro, Badajos, Astorga, and Jaen. The man who is born under the dominion of this sign will be bold, proud, haughty, and of highly vain heart; inclined to leave his country and travel in a foreign land, where he will succeed better, and if he marries he will get means with his wife; he will be fortunate, and in an important position: it signifies that he will receive an injury from dogs, and danger by water, and in addition, unless he take care, he will receive infortunia mulierum causa, and that he will be sick at the end of his 12th year and again at 30, and once again at 40, and if he recovers from these he will get naturally 64 years of life. It signifies that the woman who is born under it will be very busy, careful in worldly things, economic, partial to foreign lands; she will be fertile and have many sons, et plures indicat ei habere maritos; it signifies a fall from a height, and sickness at the end of her 16th year, and once again at 33. This sign promises naturally 66 years of life.

CONCERNING THE PROPERTY OF THE SIGN GEMINI WHICH THE SUN ENTERS ON THE 21st day OF MAY

The form or figure given to this sign is two children embracing each other in a very friendly way, denoting the mildness of the weather when the sun enters it. This sign is of an airy, warm, wet nature; accordingly it is suitable for growing things. It is the house of Mercury, detriment


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and sorrow to Jupiter. It is masculine, diurnal, and is warm and dry in the spring usually; but it is dry then moderately. It has dominion over the provinces Hircania, Cyrenaica, Marmatica, part of Egypt, Armenia, Margiana; over the cities Trent, Cessena, Viterbo, Nuremberg, Bruges, Leon of France and Maguncia; in Spain, over Ciguenca, Morviedra, Cordova, and Talavera. The man who is born under this sign is goodhearted and generous; inclined for other lands and travelling in them; he will be wealthy and steadfast in the things which he promises, will be earnest, and in danger by water; it will be necessary for him to beware of mad dogs, and I enjoin him to be watchful of himself for it signifies that he will have many wounds, and that he will be sick four times before he comes to 30 years, and if he recovers from them that he will be more healthy, and that he will get 68 years of life. The woman who is born under it will be very faithful, and well thought of by other people, and will be inclined for marriage; she will receive sorrow and regret for wrong done to her, and she will not be free from ill health, and she will get 62 years of natural life.

CONCERNING THE PROPERTY OF THE SIGN CANCER WHICH THE SUN ENTERS ON THE 22nd of JUNE

The figure or form given to this sign is a certain fish which is called Cancer, and it is of a watery, cold, wet, feminine, nocturnal and mobile nature, because when the sun enters it the weather changes to damp and moderate cold, so that it is good for growth. It is the house of the day and the night to the Moon, exaltation to Jupiter, detriment to Saturn, and fall to Mars. It has dominion over the provinces Numedia, Holland, Norvegia, Zelanda,


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Bithonia, Burgundia, Scotia, Rhodes, Lydia, Ethiopia, Africa, Colgis, and Phrygia; over the cities Constantinople, Milan, Pisa, Lucca, Venice, Tunis, and Genova; in Spain, over Compostela, Lisbon, Granada, and Barcelona. The man who is born under it is of medium stature, merry and humble; it signifies that he will get trouble by law, and that he will be inclined toward that and to defend the case of another person, and that he will be very spendthrift; it signifies dangers by water, fire and iron; and that he will be bold and well esteemed; it signifies for him minor ailments, and that he will get 73 years of natural life. The woman who is born under it will be earnest, industrious, swift to wrath and to recover from it, grateful, amiable: children numerous and troubles about them; it denotes that she will get a fall from a height, and will find hidden things but of small value; she will be healthy and will get 70 years of natural life.

CONCERNING THE PROPERTY OF THE SIGN LEO WHICH THE SUN ENTERS ON THE 23RD OF JULY

The figure which is given to this sign is a lion. It is of a warm and excessively dry nature, masculine, diurnal, fixed, because when the sun enters it the heat is complete and steadfast, and it causes the destruction and withering of the growing things. It is the house of the night and day to Sol, detriment and sorrow to Saturn. It has dominion over the [following] provinces, i.e., over some of Sicily, and some of Apulia, Bohemia, and the coasts of the Red Sea, Chaldea, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Propontis, the Alps and Macedonia; over the cities Rome, Ravenna, Cremona, Usma, Croton, Damascus and Prague; in Spain, over Murcia and Leon. The man who is born under it will be


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shapely, handsome, magnanimous, proud, eloquent; and if he gives himself to learning will be wise; it signifies that he will get high positions, and that he will travel in many countries; and if he marries he will get something to spend with his wife; it signifies that he will get a severe blow from iron, and danger from water, and he will be lucky at getting wealth and sometimes inveniet pecuniam ahsconditam; it signifies for him six illnesses during his life, but the most dangerous illness of them is at the end of his 40th year, and if he gets over it this sign promises him 71 years of natural life. The woman who is born under it will be handsome, ill-mannered, strong, haughty; it signifies that she will suffer from stomach trouble, and that she will be fond of honour, and will be rich, but will be merciful to the poor, and prone to menorrhagia and many other diseases, but to it especially, and she will get naturally 71 years of life.

CONCERNING THE PROPERTY OF THE SIGN VIRGO WHICH THE SUN ENTERS ON THE 24TH of AUGUST

The figure or form of this sign is a virgin, signifying the unfruitfulness of the earth at this time. It is of an earthy, cold, dry nature; it is feminine, nocturnal, melancholic, and common to summer and autumn. It is the house, joy and exaltation of Mercury; fall to Venus, and nocturnal detriment to Jupiter. It governs the provinces Greece, part of Phenicia and Babylonia, Assyria, Mesopotamia, Cicilia, Rhodes and Candia; the cities Pavia, Paris, Ferrara. Toulouse, Pasencia and Coimbra; in Spain, Lerida, Toledo, Avilla and Algecira. The man who is born under it is honourable, chaste and of honourable condition; it signifies that he will be earnest and careful about his


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business, and striving for high rank; in addition, it signifies that he will be modest, changeable, and after being rich that he will come to great poverty, from not being wise enough to govern himself; he will suffer from a few diseases until 30 years of age, and if he escapes from them his nature is to have 84 years of life. The woman who is born under it is modest, earnest, devout; it signifies that she will fall from a height, and that she will be delicate; she will be anxious to be clean and chaste, and she will come to have hardships; it signifies a dangerous illness from the 30th year to the 36th, and if she escapes from it she will get 77 years of natural life.

CONCERNING THE PROPERTY OF THE SIGN LIBRA WHICH THE SUN ENTERS ON THE 23rd of SEPTEMBER

The figure given to this sign is a balance of two scales, signifying the equality of days and nights about that time; and when the sun enters it the second equinox takes place, in which the night and day are of equal length. This sign is of the nature of the air, i.e., warm and moist. It is the cause of heat and thick moisture; accordingly it causes the air to coagulate so that it is harmful to every beast, and it generates many diseases. It is the house of the day of Venus, fall to Sol, exaltation to Saturn, and detriment to Mars. It has dominion over the provinces Austria, Casperia, Bactriana Regio, Tuscia, and Syria; over the cities Valencia, Lodi, Parma, Gaeta, Viana and Augusta; in Spain, over Burgos, Almeria, and Salamanca. The man who is born under this sign is honourable, courageous, and important in his deeds, inclined for foreign lands, where he will succeed better than in his own country; it signifies that he will have something to spend, but that he will find


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poverty and hardship; it signifies a sickness for him at the end of his 18th year, and once again at 35, and the first sickness at the end of his 6th year, and if he escapes from them he will get 77 years of natural life. The woman who is born under it will be merry and familiar: it signifies that she will get a wound of the foot from fire, and that she will be inclined to travel in the world, and if she escapes from the fated sickness she will get 66 years of natural life.

CONCERNING THE PROPERTY OF THE SIGN SCORPIO WHICH THE SUN ENTERS ON THE 24th of OCTOBER

The figure which is given to this sign is a poisonous beast which has a sting with which it does harm, as it does with its mouth, signifying that the sun, when it enters it, does the like, causing cold and storms, thunders and lightnings. It is of a nature wet, cold, feminine, nocturnal and fixed, because the autumn is then in its strength. It is the house of the night and joy to Mars, fall to Luna, detriment and sorrow to Venus. This sign has dominion over the provinces Scotia, and over the coasts of the sea, Syria, Mauretania, Getulia, Cappadocia, and Judea; over the cities Messina, Padua, Aquilea, Crema, and Buxia; in Spain, over Valencia, Xativa, Segovia, Tudela, Braga, Malaga, and Burgos. The man who is born under it will be of evil nature, deceitful, adulterous, violent, doubleminded and thievish; he will be grave, friendly, sweet spoken, though malicious. Sed sapiens dominabitur astris. It signifies that he will be prone to disease in his stomach and testicles, and that he will incur danger from stone and iron; he will be inclined for other lands and will be guileful and flattering in his words and in his


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actions without the knowledge of others; and he will not be very rich or very poor; he will suffer from petty ailments, but he will get naturally 61 years of life. The woman who is born under it will be friendly, but she will be strong and haughty, and it signifies that habeat cicatrices in maximum periculum vitae, and that she will frequently suffer from stomach trouble and will be delicate, but naturally she will get 72 years of life.

CONCERNING THE PROPERTY OF THE SIGN SAGITTARIUS WHICH THE SUN ENTERS ON THE 23rd of NOVEMBER

The figure of this sign is an archer shooting arrows, signifying how the sign acts when the sun enters it, throwing rains, hail, thunder and fiery balls. It is of the nature of fire, warm and dry, masculine, diurnal, and common to autumn and winter. It is the house of the day and joy to Jupiter, and daily detriment to Mercury. It has dominion over the provinces Hispania, Arabia Felix, Sclavonia, Dalmatia, Helvetia, and part of Liguria; over the cities, Malta, Avignon, Jerusalem, Asta, and Milan; in Spain over Jaen, Calahorra, and Medina Celi. The man who is born under the dominion of this sign is modest, honesty upright, fortunate; it signifies that he will be inclined to go on the sea, on which he will find a better fortune. It signifies that he will receive harm from a fourfooted animal, and sickness at the end of the seventh year of his age and again at 18, but if he escapes from them he will get 67 years of life. The woman who is born under it will be taciturn, fearful, shy and rich, and she will be called the mother of children; but the woman and the man likewise will be changeable, unsteady, nevertheless


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they will be merciful and conscientious. The woman will hiave a sickness at the end of her fourth year, once again at 22, and once again at the end of her 40th year, and if she escapes from them she will get 57 years of natural life.

CONCERNING THE PROPERTY OF THE SIGN CAPRICORNUS WHICH THE SUN ENTERS ON THE 22nd OF DECEMBER

The figure which is given to this sign is a goat which goes into high places, signifying that, when the sun enters it, it is rising towards us and the days getting longer. It is of an earthy nature, cold and dry, feminine, nocturnal and mobile; for the autumn passes and the winter begins. It is the house of the night for Saturn, exaltation for Mars, fall for Jupiter, and detriment for Luna. It has dominion over the provinces Macedonia, Bavaria, Portugal, Romandiola, Albania, Muscovy, Gedrocia, Thrace, Croatia, India, and part of Sclavonia; over the cities Verona, Forlivio, Savoy, Favencia, and Constantinople; in Spain over Tortosa, Soria, and Carmona. The man who is born under it will be wrathful, vain, lying. It signifies that he will be talking to himself; he will be melancholic, greathearted, inclined to war, et gaudebit bonis alienis, et habebit curam de animalibus quadripedibus. It signifies that he will find trouble causa mulierum, will be delicate, and will get 77 years of natural life. The woman who is born under it will be of an exceedingly perverse nature, and will be very extravagant; it signifies that a fourfooted animal will bite her, and danger of falling from a height; she will be sick, but lightly, and will get naturally 69 years of life.


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ASTRONOMICAL RULE FOR KNOWING THE SIGN OF THE HOUR IN WHICH A PERSON IS BORN

To know these, figures and such like are no longer necessary, but only to pay heed to three things, viz., first, a knowledge of the sign in which the sun will be on the day on which the person will be born; secondly, a knowledge of the hour in which the sun rises that day; thirdly, an accurate knowledge of the hour in which he was born. After knowing these three things, one must see how many hours have elapsed from the rising of the sun until the hour in which he was born exclusive, (that is to say, not to reckon the hour the sun rose). Then reckon a sign for every two of those hours, from the sign in which the sun will be that day to the sign of the hour in which he was born inclusive, and in this way the natural sign of every person will be found. And in case there should be an hour over [i.e., after dividing by two] to the hours from sunrise to the hour of his birth, let it be reckoned to the sign following; and in case it does not amount to a full hour, let no scruple be made of that, for the rule is not faulty on that account. It is easy to understand everything when it is illustrated by an example: accordingly I say that the person who was born on the 4th of August, at one o'clock p.m., his sign is Scorpio (I mean a person who was born in Valencia); because the sun rises there at 5 o'clock about that time, and from 5 till 1 p.m. is eight hours, which signifies four signs; and as it is in the sign Leo the sun was that day, I count four signs from it inclusive, and that is Scorpio. Another example of a person who was born in Italy the 10th day of October, at half-past eleven p.m., and according to the rule I say that Gemini is his sign; for about that time the sun here is in


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the sign Libra, (and it rises in Italy then at half-past five, and from half-past five till half past eleven p.m. is eighteen hours, which signifies nine signs, and the ninth sign from the sign Libra is the sign Gemini which we have said, and that is the proper sign of that person. And in case that curiosity should inquire of what use are those signs, or what nature do they give, our reply is that the signs are common and general to every man who is born in the month which they serve; and although they have great influence over the person born in that month, yet that is little compared with the nature given by the sign of the hour in which he was born, for it is by that that his property and his nature are best judged. Be it noted that if a person is born before the sun has risen, that belongs to the day before; for it is from sutirise that the Astrologers begin the day.


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