Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition: L600011

A Mediaeval Handbook of Gynaecology [...]

Author: [unknown]

Background details and bibliographic information

File Description

Winifred Wulff

Electronic edition compiled and proof-read by Beatrix Färber

Funded by School of History, University College, Cork

2. Second draft, with revised and enlarged content encoding.

Extent of text: 17060 words

Publication

CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College, Cork
College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt

(2011) (2020)

Distributed by CELT online at University College, Cork, Ireland.
Text ID Number: L600011

Availability [RESTRICTED]

Available with prior consent of the CELT project for purposes of academic research and teaching only. More information about Winifred Wulff's Life and Work is available on the CELT website at https://celt.ucc.ie//wulff.html.

Notes

Wulff designated the sections of the Latin and Irish edition(s) by numbers and alphabetic letters for easier cross-reference with each other. As the Irish translation is not complete in any of the three manuscripts she used, it had to be reconstructed by her. However, some of these letters are also used as manuscript sigla by her; this should be borne in mind.

CELT is indebted to Professors Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha and Monica H. Green for their support and assistance in compiling the text and ancillary materials, and to Monica H. Green for making available such materials to CELT.

Sources

    MS sources for Irish translations of 'A mediaeval handbook of gynaecology and midwifery'
  1. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 23 F 19. This is described by Wulff as 'a scrapbook of Irish medical tracts from Latin sources' and 'written on beautiful vellum, richly illuminated, with good ink which has scarcely faded, except a few pages which were probably exposed to the weather. The capitals are rubricated. Some are green, which is most unusual in Irish MSS. The scribe's name and the translator's name are lost. The date given is 1352, which, if correct, would establish it as the oldest Irish medical manuscript.' It was at one time in the possession of the Ó Céirín family of Co. Clare. Digital scans of this manuscript are available on the ISOS Project, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, see: http://www.dias.ie/isos/. The foliation given by Wulff differs from that now used in the RIA catalogue and on ISOS: Wulff starts at 24v; the same page is numbered 7v in the RIA catalogue, 25 becomes 8, and so on.
  2. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 23 M 36 (not 24 M 36 as stated by Wulff). I am grateful to Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha for this correction.
  3. Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS E 4.1 (1436) 101ra–106a. Digital scans of this manuscript are available on the ISOS Project, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, see: http://www.dias.ie/isos/.
    Digital images of Latin text
  1. The text is available in pdf. format on the Celtic Digital Initiative at the Department of Early and Medieval Irish at UCC (http://www.ucc.ie/academic/smg/CDI).
    Printed sources for Latin text
  1. Trotulae curandarum Aegritudinum Mulierum, ante, in et post partum liber unicus, nusquam antea editus, ed. Georg Kraut (Strasbourg: Joannes Schottus, 1544). (The earliest Latin edition of the 'Trotula'. As Monica H. Green has pointed out, Kraut thoroughly restructured the text, removing what he considered redundancies and inconsistencies; the twelve subsequent editions reprinted his text with only minor changes. Cf. Green, The Trotula, xi–xiii & footnote p. 205.)
  2. Medici antiqui omnes, qui latinis literis diversorum morborum genera & remedia persecuti sunt, undique conquisiti, & uno uolumine comprehensi, ut eorum, qui se medicinae studio dediderunt, commodo consulatur. Index in omnes plenissimus. Aldus, Venetiis, MDXLVII (1547).
  3. Latin edition of Trotula 1586, ascribed to Eros. (Erotis medici liberti Iuliae quem aliqui Trotulam inepte nominant (..) in: Gynaeciorum sive de mulierum affectibus, Commentarii Graecorum, Latinorum, Barbarorum (...) Basilae per Conradum Waldkirch, MDXXCVI. (This contains the Latin edition used by Wulff.)
    Editions/Translations
  1. Elizabeth Mason-Hohl (trans.), The Diseases of Women by Trotula of Salerno: A Translation of Passionibus mulierum curandorum (Hollywood/California: Ward Ritchie Press 1940) (based on the 1547 Venice edition; now superseded by Green's edition).
  2. Clodomiro Mancini (trans.), Il De mulieribum passionibus di Trocta salernitana, Scientia Veterum 31 (Genoa 1962) (Italian).
  3. Pina Cavallo Boggi (ed), Matilde Nubié and Adriana Tocco (trans.), Trotula de Ruggiero: Sulle malattie delle donne (Turin: La Rose 1979). Revised edition of same, ed. by Cavallo Boggi and trans. by Piero Cantalupo (Palermo: La Luna 1994) (Italian).
  4. Monica H. Green (ed), The Trotula: a medieval compendium of women's medicine (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania 2001), 70–191. (Her edition and translation is based on 29 copies, considered by her a 'standardized ensemble' representing the most popular version of the Trotula texts which date back to the middle of the thirteenth century.)
    Select bibliography
  1. Oswald Cockayne (ed. & trans.), Leechdoms, wortcunning and starcraft of early England; being a collection of documents, for the most part never before printed, illustrating the history of science in this country before the Norman Conquest. 3 vols. (Rerum Britannicarum Medii Aevi Scriptores, 35). 1864–1866.
  2. E. Nicaise, La grande chirurgie de Guy de Chauliac, chirurgien, maistre en médecine de l'université de Montpellier, composée en l'an 1363 (...) aves des notes, une introduction sur le moyen âge, sur la vie et les oeuvres de Guy de Chauliac, un glossaire et une table alphabétique. (Paris 1890).
  3. J. Cameron, The Gaelic Names of Plants in: Celtic Monthly (Glasgow 1900).
  4. Paul Diepgen, Geschichte der Medizin. II Mittelalter. (Berlin and Leipzig 1914).
  5. Charles Singer, M. D., A review of the Medical Literature of the Dark Ages with a New Text of about 1110, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 10/5 (March 1917).
  6. Karl Sudhoff, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Chirurgie im Mittelalter. Part II (Leipzig 1918).
  7. M. Moloney, Luibh-Sheanchus -- Irish Ethno-botany (Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son 1919).
  8. James J. Walsh, Medieval medicine (London: Black 1920).
  9. Dr. Hermann Rudolf Spitzner, Die salernitanische Gynäkologie and Geburtshilfe unter dem Namen der Trotula (Univ.-Dissertation, Leipzig 1921).
  10. Karl Sudhoff, Geschichte der Medizin (Berlin 1922).
  11. Charles Singer & Dorothea Singer, The Origin of the Medical School of Salerno, the First University. An Attempted Reconstruction. In: Essays on the History of Medicine, presented to Professor Sudhoff, and edited by Charles Singer and Henry E. Sigerist (Zürich 1924).
  12. Charles Singer & Dorothea Singer, The School of Salerno, in: History 10/39 (October 1925).
  13. Max Neuburger, History of Medicine, translated by Ernest Playfair, M.B., M.R.C.P. Vol. II. (Oxford 1925).
  14. Theodor Meyer-Steineg und [Karl] Sudhoff, Geschichte der Medizin im Überblick (Jena 1931). Available at http://www.archive.org/details/geschichtedermed00meyeuoft.
  15. John D. Comrie, History of Scottish medicine (London, published for the Wellcome historical medical museum by Baillière, Tindall & Cox 1932). Available at: https://archive.org/details/b20457273M002.
  16. Ernst Darmstaedter, 'Die Sator-Arepo-Formel und ihre Erklärung', Isis 18 (1932) 322–29.
  17. H. P. Bayon, 'Trotula and the Ladies of Salerno', Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 33 (1939–40) 471–75.
  18. H. E. Sigerist, A History of Medicine, 2 vols. (London 1951–1961).
  19. Augusto Beccaria, I codici di medicina del periodo presalernitano (secoli IX, X, e XI), (Roma 1956).
  20. C. H. Talbot, Medicine in Medieval England (London/New York 1967).
  21. Francis Shaw, S. J., 'Irish medical men and philosophers', in: Seven Centuries of Irish Learning, 1000–1700, ed. by Brian Ó Cuív (Cork: Mercier Press 1971) 94.
  22. Vern Bullough, 'Medieval medical and scientifc views of Women', Viator 4 (1973) 485–501.
  23. Edward Grant (ed), A source book in medieval science (Cambridge, Massachussetts: Harvard University Press 1974).
  24. Susan Mosher Stuard, 'Dame Trot', in: Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 1 (1975) 537–542.
  25. Dietlinde Goltz, Mittelalterliche Pharmazie und Medizin (Stuttgart 1976).
  26. Beryl Rowland, 'Exhuming Trotula, Sapiens Matrona of Salerno', in: Florilegium 1 (1979) 42–57.
  27. Ian Maclean, The Renaissance Notion of Woman: A Study in the Fortunes of Scholasticism and Medical Science in European Intellectual Life (Cambridge 1980).
  28. J. Fleetwood, The History of Medicine in Ireland (Dublin: Skellig Press 1983).
  29. Nessa Ní Shéaghda, 'Translations and Adaptations in Irish' (Statutory Lecture 1984, School of Celtic Studies), Dublin, Institute for Advanced Studies 1984.
  30. John F. Benton, 'Trotula, Women's Problems and the Professionalization of Medicine in the Middle Ages,' Bulletin of the History of Medicine 59 (1985) 30–53.
  31. Peter Brain, Galen on bloodletting: A study of the origins, development and validity of his opinions, with a translation of three works (Cambridge 1986).
  32. Richard-Ernst Bader, Sator arepo: Magie in der Volksmedizin, Medizinhistorisches Journal 22 (1987) 115–134.
  33. Marilyn Deegan and D. G. Scragg (eds), Medicine in early medieval England (Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies, University of Manchester 1989).
  34. Nancy G. Siraisi, Medieval and Early Renaissance Medicine (London: Univ. of Chicago Press 1990).
  35. Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha, 'Irish medical manuscripts', Irish Pharmacy Journal 69/5 (May 1991) 201–2.
  36. Owsei Temkin (ed & trans), Soranus' Gynaecology: translated with an introduction by Owsei Temkin; with the assistance of Nicholson J. Eastman, Ludwig Edelstein, and Alan F. Guttmacher (Baltimore 1991).
  37. Sheila Campbell, Bert Hall, David Klausner (eds), Health, disease and healing in medieval culture (London: Macmillan 1992).
  38. Hilary Marland (ed), The Art of Midwifery: early Modern Midwives in Europe (London 1993).
  39. W. F. Daems, Nomina simplicium medicinarum ex synonymariis Medii Aevi collecta: Semantische Untersuchungen zum Fachwortschatz hoch- und spätmittelalterlicher Drogenkunde (Leiden: Brill 1993).
  40. Andrea Cuna, Per una bibliografia della Scuola medica Salernitana (secoli XI–XIII) (Milano 1993).
  41. Joan Cadden, Meanings of Sex Difference in the Middle Ages: Medicine, Science, and Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1993).
  42. Ann Ellis Hanson and Monica H. Green, 'Soranus of Ephesus: Methodicorum princeps', in: Hildegard Temporini and Wolfgang Haase (eds), Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung, Teilband 2 of Band 37.2 (Berlin/New York: de Gruyter 1994) 968–1075.
  43. Margaret R. Schleissner (ed), Manuscript sources of medieval medicine: a book of essays (New York: Garland 1995).
  44. Lawrence I. Conrad, Michael Neve, Vivian Nutton, Roy Porter, Andrew Wear (eds), The Western medical tradition: 800 BC to AD 1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1995).
  45. Monica H. Green, 'The Development of the Trotula, in: Revue d'Histoire des Textes 26 (1996) 119–203 (repr. in Green, Women's Healthcare).
  46. Britta-Juliane Kruse, Verborgene Heilkünste: Geschichte der Frauenmedizin im Spätmittelalter (Berlin 1996).
  47. Monica H. Green, 'A Handlist of the Latin and Vernacular Manuscripts of the So-Called Trotula Texts. Part 1: The Latin Manuscripts', Scriptorium 50 (1996) 137–75.
  48. Monica H. Green, 'A Handlist of the Latin and Vernacular Manuscripts of the So-Called Trotula Texts. Part 2: The Vernacular Translations and Latin Re-Writings', Scriptorium 51 (1997) 80–104.
  49. Tony Hunt, Anglo-Norman Medicine. 2 vols. (Cambridge 1994–97).
  50. Gerrit Bos, Ibn al-Jazzár on sexual diseases and their treatment, Sir Henry Wellcome Asian Series (London: Kegan Paul, 1997.)
  51. Mirko D. Grmek (ed), Western Medical Thought from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. (Cambridge, Massachusetts 1999).
  52. Jerry Stannard, Herbs and Herbalism in the Middle Ages and Renaissance; edited by Katherine E. Stannard and Richard Kay (Aldershot 1999.)
  53. Jerry Stannard, Pristina medicamenta: ancient and medieval botany; edited by Katherine E. Stannard and Richard Kay (Aldershot 1999).
  54. D. R. Langslow, Medical Latin in the Roman Empire, (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2000).
  55. Fergus Kelly, 'Medicine and Early Irish Law', in: J. B. Lyons (ed), Two thousand years of Irish medicine (Dublin 1999) 15–19. Reprinted in Irish Journal of Medical Science vol. 170 no. 1 (January–March 2001) 73–6.
  56. Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha, 'Medical writing in Irish', in: J. B. Lyons (ed), Two thousand years of Irish medicine (Dublin 1999) 21–26. Published also in Irish Journal of Medical Science 169/3 (July-September 2000) 217–20 (available online at http://www.celt.dias.ie/gaeilge/staff/rcsi1.html).
  57. Hanns Bächtold-Stäubli & Eduard Hoffmann-Krayer, Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens. Photomechanical reprint of first edition (1927–42) in 10 vols (Augsburg: Weltbild 2000) vol 3, p. 1523.
  58. Monica H. Green, Women's healthcare in the Medieval West (Ashgate 2000).
  59. Mark Grant, Galen of Food and Diet (London 2000).
  60. Monica H. Green (ed), The Trotula: a medieval compendium of women's medicine (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania 2001).
  61. Review: Vivian Nutton, The Trotula: a medieval compendium of women's medicine, Medical History 2003 January; 47(1): 136–137.
  62. Helen M. Dingwall: A History of Scottish Medicine: Themes and Influences. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2003.
  63. Lea T. Olsan, 'Charms and prayers in medieval medical theory and practice', Social History of Medicine, 16/3 (2003). Oxford: Oxford University Press 2003. (A link to this article is available online on http://www3.oup.co.uk/sochis/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_03/).
  64. Owen Powell, Galen: On the Properties of Foodstuffs (Cambridge 2003).
  65. Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha, 'Winifred Wulff (1895–1946): beatha agus saothar', in: Léachtaí Cholm Cille 35 (Maigh Nuad [Maynooth]: An Sagart 2005) 191–250.
  66. Monica H. Green, Reconstructing the Oeuvre of Trota of Salerno', in: La Scuola medica Salernitana: Gli autori e i testi, ed. Danielle Jacquart and Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, Edizione Nazionale 'La Scuola medica Salernitana', 1 (Florence 2007) 183–233.
  67. Niall Mac Coitir, Irish Wild Plants: Myths, Legend and Folklore. Original watercolours by Grania Langrishe (Cork: The Collins Press 2006).
  68. Monica H. Green, Making women's medicine masculine: the rise of male authority in pre-modern gynaecology (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2008).
  69. R. J. Hankinson (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Galen (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2008).
  70. Monica H. Green, A Bibliography on Medieval Women, Gender and Medicine, 82pp; published in 2010 in pdf.format, available online from http://www.sciencia.cat/biblioteca/publicacionssc.htm
  71. Monica H. Green, Who/What is "Trotula"?, written in 2008, and kindly made available to CELT on http://www.ucc.ie/celt/whowhat2008.pdf.
  72. Wolfram Schmitt, Medizinische Lebenskunst: Gesundheitslehre und Gesundheitsregimen im Mittelalter (Berlin 2013).
  73. Peter Wyse Jackson, Ireland's generous nature: the past and present uses of wild plants in Ireland (St. Louis, Missouri 2013).
  74. Christopher John Duffin, 'The swallow stone', Folklore 124 (April 2013) 81–103.
  75. Juhani Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary in English, 1375–1550: Body Parts, Sicknesses, Instruments, and Medicinal Preparations (Oxford 2016).
  76. Nicholas Culpeper, The Complete Herbal (London 1835) [there were innumerable reprints and editions].
  77. William Salmon, Pharmacopoeia Londinensis (London 1716).
  78. H. John Quincy, Pharmacopoeia Officinalis & Extemporanea (London 1722).
  79. The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta. Translated by Francis Adams. 3 vols. (London 1847). Vol III.
  80. Micheál P. S. Ó (ed and trans) An Irish Materia Medica, Interim edition (University College Cork: CELT, 2019) An electronic publication available in CELT file G600005.
  81. Aoibheann Nic Dhonnachadha, 'Some words from 'Almúsor', in: Ossory, Laois and Leinster 7 (2019) 14–31.
  82. Beatrix Faerber (=Färber), 'A text preserved at the Aghmacart Medical School: Bernard de Gordon's De Prognosticis, Book II, 9', in: Ossory, Laois and Leinster 7 (2019) 100–122.
    The edition used in the digital edition
  1. Winifred Wulff, A mediaeval handbook of gynaecology and midwifery preceded by a section on the grades and on the treatment of wounds and some good counsel to the physician himself finishing with a discussion on the treatment of scabies in Irish Texts, Ed. J. Fraser and Paul Grosjean and J. G. O'Keeffe. , London , Sheed and Ward, 31 Paternoster Row (1934) fasciculus 5 page 13–85

Encoding

Project Description

CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts

Sampling Declaration

The present text represents odd pages 13–85; of Irish Texts 5. Wulff's footnotes are retained and integrated into the apparatus. Footnotes by the CELT editor refer mainly to Green's edition and are marked resp="BF". Wulff's Introduction and the Irish translation (the latter does not correspond in every detail to the Latin version) is available in a separate file, G600011.

Editorial Declaration

Correction

Text has been checked and proofread twice. All corrections and supplied text are tagged. Corrections to the text made by the editor to the original text are marked corr sic resp="".

Normalization

The electronic text represents the edited text. V/v written for U/u was rendered as U/u and vice versa, and ij was normalized to ii; except for numbers. This was done to ensure better electronic processability. Being irrelevant, diacritics in the Latin of the printed edition were omitted. Text supplied by the editor is marked sup resp="WW" and its source indicated. The hardcopy uses italics to denote expansions; in the digital text ex tags are used instead.

Quotation

There are no quotations.

Hyphenation

Soft hyphens are silently removed. Words containing a hard or soft hyphen crossing a page-break or line-break have been placed on the line on which they start. The same applies to words crossing a milestone, such as MS foliation or pagination.

Segmentation

div0=the whole text; div1=the part; div2=the section. Paragraphs are numbered in line with the printed edition, page-breaks are marked pb n=""; milestones are marked mls unit="edition p." n="".

Standard Values

Dates are standardized in the ISO form yyyy-mm-dd.

Interpretation

Editorial additions in author's notes, such as 'etc.', 'om.', are in round brackets. A selection of medical and botanical terms have been tagged. In the HTML file, the apothecary symbols for scruple, ounce, dram, the Maltese cross, and recipe are displayed using the font Lucida Sans Unicode, which you will require on your PC for viewing.

Canonical References

This text uses the DIV1 element to represent the part.

Profile Description

Created: The Latin 'standardized ensemble' was finalised in the thirteenth century

Use of language

Language: [LA] The text is in Latin (with some terms in Graeco-Latin).
Language: [EN] The notes contain English.

Revision History