Vivianus Thomasius was Cardinal Priest of St Stephen in Monte Caelio, sent as papal legate into Ireland, Scotland and Norway. For more, see Concilia Scotiae. Ecclesiae Scoticanae statuta tam provincialia quam synodalia quae supersunt. MCCXXV–MDLIX, ed. Joseph Robertson (2 vols. Edinburgh 1866). For details of the Italian presence in Ireland around this time, especially in trade matters, see Mary Donovan O'Sullivan, Italian merchant bankers in Ireland of the thirteenth century (Dublin 1962).