Some use was also made of Book 2, the Liber aggregatus de medicinis singularibus of Avicenna's Canon de medicina. Abu All al-Husain ibn Abdallah ibn Sina, known to Europeans as Avicenna, was born in Afshana, near Bukhara (which is now in the Soviet Union), in 980, and was at least partly Persian. He died in 1037 in Hamadhan. His Book of the Healing was a major influence on European philosophy and science until Aristotle's works became generally known. The Canon of Medicine was the medical textbook most used in Europe for some five centuries. Book 2 of the Canon consists of a list of simple medicines, arranged in alphabetical order, with an account of each one. I have used the translation from Arabic into Latin which was made in Toledo by Gerard of Cremona, who died in 1187, as printed by Petrus Maufer in Venice in 1486.